B09 workshop from 27 to 29 September 2024 at the Collaborative Research Centre 1342

From 27 to 29 September 2024, the workshop "Representing the Countryside in Africa and Europe" took place at the University of Bremen, organized by project B09 "Social Policy and Rural Development in Africa". The workshop explored the question of how rural populations and regions are politically represented and whether there is a change or even a crisis in rural interest politics, as is often described and criticized in many contemporary and social diagnoses.

These questions of representation are crucial for sub-project B09, as they constitute the institutional context in which phenomena such as rural poverty and rural social change are negotiated and whether new resource flows or even social policies for rural populations could result from them. It turns out that very diverse actors and organizations can represent rural areas, their populations and their economies. This becomes all the clearer the more one departs from the usual comparisons and observes the question of rural social change and rural development and social policy in an interregional comparison - as in the CRC workshop.

The B09 team was thus able to attract a very diverse group of workshop participants and bring them to Bremen to critically examine the connections between rural identity and contestation, between protests and policies and between the various land targets in international politics, and to record how the life chances of rural populations in Africa and Europe are faring in the face of increasing commercialization of agricultural sectors, climate change and ecological destruction.

On European contexts, the participants presented their ongoing research on right-wing populism and farmers' protests in a European comparison (Natalia Mamonova, Ruralis, Oslo), the development of an EU rural policy (Christin Stühlen, University of Marburg), farmers' protests in Germany against the abolition of energy subsidies (Judith Müller & Birgit Peuker, University of Heidelberg) and the reception of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy by Polish agricultural associations (Michal Dudak, Polish Academic of Sciences, Warsaw).

The contributions on African countries included topics such as land and agrarian conflicts in Southern Africa (Boaventura Monjane, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town), new attempts to co-opt the rural poor in Tunisia (Kressen Thyen, B09), new land ownership conflicts in Morocco (Yasmine Berriane, CNRS-CMH, Paris), the exploitation structures and survival strategies of rural women workers in Tunisia (Dhouha Djerbi, Geneva Graduate Institute), the new land conservation agenda of the Botswana government and international conflicts over elephant hunting (Bontle Masilo, University of Botswana, Gaborone) and finally the efforts to implement sustainable agricultural policies in rural Zambia (Cleopas Sambo, Oslomet, Oslo).

Contact:
Dr. Roy Karadag
CRC 1342: Global Dynamics of Social Policy, Institute for Intercultural and International Studies
Mary-Somerville-Straße 7
28359 Bremen
Phone: +49 421 218-67468
E-Mail: karadag@uni-bremen.de

A05 workshop on 25 October 2024 at the Collaborative Research Centre 1342

On October 25, project A05 "The Global Development of Coverage and Generosity in Public Education" hosted a workshop titled "25 Years of Global Education Agendas: Emerging Actors, Evolving Mechanisms, and Changing Interests" to examine pivotal shifts in global education agendas over the past twenty-five years. The workshop organized by the Team of Project A05 highlighted the emergence of new actors, evolving policy mechanisms, and shifting priorities in the global education landscape. Attendees included seven distinguished researchers from international institutions, the local project team, and invited commentators from Berlin and Hamburg.

Patricia Bromley from Stanford University presented on the discourse surrounding global education reforms. With co-authors she analyzes the ways international organizations promote and report on education reforms worldwide. Following her, Dennis Niemann from the University of Bremen provided a mixed-methods perspective on international organizations’ approaches to refugee and migrant education, offering insights into the policy frameworks addressing these populations’ educational needs. Clara Fontdevila and Antoni Verger from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) presented on the conceptualization of large-scale national assessments of student achievement, discussing how these assessments are developed and employed to measure educational outcomes at a national level. Marina López Levy, also from UAB, focused on the evolution of large-scale learning assessments in Latin America, tracing both the historical trajectory and regional adaptations of these mechanisms over time.

Jane Gingrich from the University of Oxford examined public attitudes toward higher education. Julian Garritzmann from Frankfurt University presented on the influence of party politics on mass higher education, investigating how various political ideologies shape the expansion of higher education enrollment. Both illuminate the intersection between politics and education policy, particularly within mass education frameworks. Gita Steiner-Khamsi from Teachers College, Columbia University, closed the presentations with a reflection on the day’s discussions. She emphasized the impact of global education campaigns on policy as well as the timing and sequencing of changing education agendas.

Commentators from Berlin and Hamburg provided valuable perspectives, addressing the implications of these studies and offering comparative insights on education reform trajectories across different regions. These contributions spurred vibrant discussions, enabling participants to delve into the complexities of regional and global interactions in educational policy.

The workshop facilitated dynamic exchanges on the roles and impacts of diverse actors in global education reform. Participants engaged with questions on accountability, the efficacy of large-scale assessments, and the socio-political factors shaping educational discourse. By fostering a collaborative environment, the workshop strengthened a sense of community among researchers and practitioners, promoting future collaboration and professional exchange. The event underscored the importance of interdisciplinary perspectives and highlighted the ongoing evolution of education as a global priority shaped by diverse stakeholders. Future events will continue to build on these discussions, further exploring how education systems can evolve to meet both global and local needs.

Contact:
Dr. Fabian Besche-Truthe
CRC 1342: Global Dynamics of Social Policy
Mary-Somerville-Straße 7
28359 Bremen
Phone: +49 421 218-57066
E-Mail: fbesche@uni-bremen.de

Dr. Helen Seitzer
CRC 1342: Global Dynamics of Social Policy, Institute for Intercultural and International Studies
Mary-Somerville-Straße 7
28359 Bremen
Phone: +49 421 218-57065
E-Mail: seitzer@uni-bremen.de

Jour Fixe with Won Sub Kim on 30.10.2024

To kick off the CRC 1342 Jour Fixe lecture series in the winter semester 2024/25, Prof. Won Sub Kim from Korea University in Seoul gave a talk on "Policy Transfer and Advocacy Coalitions of Pension Reforms in South Korea. From the Perspective of the Situated Learning" on 30 October. He is currently a guest researcher in the Collaborative Research Centre 1342 at the University of Bremen until the end of the year.

Abstract:

To tackle the severe old-age poverty, the Korean government introduced the Basic Pension (BP) in 2007 for the elderly with lower income. Since then, the non-contributory scheme has continued to develop and become one of the main public pension programs along with the earnings-related National Pension Scheme (NPS). The existing literature on the BP has been mainly conducted from the domestic perspective which involves political and socio-economic factors such as electoral competition and high old-age poverty rates. In contrast, this study pays special attention to international aspects (situated Learning) and domestic advocacy coalitions which translates in into the Korean context.

We take into consideration the three pension reforms in 1998, 2007, and 2014, which played a significant role in the development of the BP. Hence, this study aims to identify which attributes were critical to BP expansions. Through the three reforms, the existing BP has developed with a series of modifications and reinterpretations. In the Korean case, the initial reform model was considered with the reference of the World Bank’s conceptual framework. Later, the advocacy coalition for the BP continued to strategically reinterpret the international model in order to fit it in the Korean context. We also show that securing solid institutional positioning in the policy arena plays a crucial role in the introduction of a social policy such as the BP.

Won Sub Kim is Professor of Sociology at Korea University in Seoul. Born in South Korea, he studied sociology at Korea University and Bremen University and received his PhD from Bielefeld University. His scientific work centres on theory of the welfare state, old age income security systems and the East Asian Welfare State. Before coming to Korea University, he taught at Bielefeld University in Germany and at Kyung-Sang National University in South Korea.

Contact:
Prof. Dr. Herbert Obinger
CRC 1342: Global Dynamics of Social Policy
Mary-Somerville-Straße 5
28359 Bremen
Phone: +49 421 218-58567
E-Mail: herbert.obinger@uni-bremen.de

The future of social protection in Africa

Anna Wolkenhauer from project B09 "Social Policy and Rural Development in Africa" took part in a discussion for the Development Pathways podcast. The debate, which included also Jeremy Seekings and Hangala Siachiwena from the University of Cape Town, addressed the future of social protection in Africa.

Development Pathways: What Comes After Social Cash Transfers? (Soundcloud)

In Sub Saharan Africa, the last twenty years saw a proliferation of programmes that aim to provide a basic income security to marginalised segments of the population; especially Social Cash Transfers have become a prominent social assistance intervention. These are often targeted at selected groups who are deemed the "poorest". The discussion with Development Pathways, a global think tank that promotes the realisation of social and economic rights worldwide, centred around assessing the current and future challenges and opportunities of social protection in Africa.

After an overall positive analysis, based especially on the observation that governments and other actors are increasingly turning towards groups who have long fallen by the wayside of exclusive growth processes, Anna made a plea for interlinking social policy with economic reforms. The underlying causes for poverty and marginalisation are economic, and cannot be addressed by social cash transfers alone – despite being very important and arguably effective. Instead, greater efforts are needed for economic diversification and the creation of more and better jobs. The momentum that the global attention to social protection and cash transfers, especially among donor organisations, has created, though, should be seized to push for more transformative change.

Contact:
Prof. Dr. Anna Wolkenhauer
CRC 1342: Global Dynamics of Social Policy, Institute for Intercultural and International Studies
Mary-Somerville-Straße 9
28359 Bremen
Phone: +49 421 218-57099
E-Mail: anna.wolkenhauer@uni-bremen.de

As part of the research for her dissertation, Josefine Dehn travelled to Peru to visit various archives and libraries.

Josefine Dehn is a doctoral fellow in the sub-project B10 of the CRC, Armed Conflict and Dynamics of Social Policy, and studies the influences of internal wars on state social policy based on the case of Peru. The civil war there (1980-2000) between the Peruvian state and various guerrilla groups is considered one of the bloodiest in Latin America in the 20th century. In her dissertation, Josefine looks at the period from 1990 to 2000, during which several key events of the conflict took place. In general, the influence of warfare on the development of social policy has been rarely investigated to date, this is particularly true of intrastate wars and despite their worldwide occurrence. With her dissertation, Josefine wants to address this research gap from a political science perspective.

Josefine recently returned from a research trip to Peru, where she spent three weeks collecting data for her dissertation and the CRC sub-project in various archives and libraries. It was her second trip and Josefine spent a total of almost seven weeks in Lima, the capital of Peru. During this time, she researched several times in the National Archives and the archives and library of the Peruvian Congress, which are located in the historical centre of Lima. She also visited several locations of the National Library of Peru and the library of the Institute of Peruvian Studies, a prestigious interdisciplinary and non-governmental social science research institute focussing on Peru and Latin America.

During her research, Josefine was able to collect a wide range of empirical material for her dissertation and sub-project B10, on the one hand on the civil war and on the other on social policy developments in Peru between 1990 and 2000. This include various government documents, e.g. reports and yearbooks, detailed social expenditure data, parliamentary documents from legislative processes on social policy, collections of laws on social security for certain groups affected by the civil war, detailed reports and analyses on the internal conflict by the Commission of Truth and Reconciliation, as well as secondary literature.

One of the challenges Josefine faced during her trip was that primary sources in particular at times were difficult or impossible to access. The reasons for this are, for one thing, that even more than 20 years after its official end, the civil war is still a sensitive topic in Peru. Due to this, Josefine was sometimes only able to address it indirectly when consulting archive and library staff. For another, the institutional responsibility for the storage of certain documents was sometimes unclear even to the responsible staff of the archives and could not be determined. Despite these difficulties, however, Josefine was able to find sufficient promising primary and secondary sources, which she will now analyse as part of her dissertation. In the coming months, she will investigate which of a series of influences previously derived theoretically for the case of Peru can actually be identified empirically and, in particular, whether certain groups of particular importance to the state were favoured in the public social policy development during the civil war. These findings can then serve as an initial point of reference for further research.

For Josefine, the research trips offered an exciting but also challenging experience, plenty of food for thought and even more motivation for her research project. Peru is a fascinating country, but there are still major differences in access to and the scope of public social policy. The extent to which the Peruvian civil war has influenced these developments is therefore a step towards better understanding and combating this persistent inequality.

Contact:
Josefine Dehn
Feldkirchenstraße 21
96045 Bamberg
E-Mail: josefine.dehn@uni-bamberg.de

12-14 September 2024, Bilbao

Meika Sternkopf, Dr. Johanna Fischer, Migyeong Yun and Davide Viero from the A07 Project "Global Dynamics of Long-term Care Policy" recently presented their research at the 7th International Conference on Evidence-based Policy in Long-term Care. Bringing together academics, policymakers, and experts, the conference is organised every two years by the International Long-term Care Policy Network (ILPN). This year, it was co-hosted by the Government of the Spanish province Biscay and took place in its capital Bilbao from 12-14 September 2024.

Meika Sternkopf and Migyeong Yun presented two of the A07 project’s case studies focusing on the development of long-term care systems in different contexts and regions. In a panel on care fragmentation challenges, Meika introduced her research on Uruguay with a presentation titled "Towards an integrated system of care? The introduction of the National Care System in Uruguay". Her research on the case highlighting the role of international organisations within advocacy coalitions has also been recently published in Policy Sciences. Another international interdependency was highlighted in Migyeong’s presentation "Developing a public long-term care system in the context of a pre-existing market for live-in migrant care work: The case of Taiwan" within a panel on migration and long-term care. This research conducted together with Simone Leiber and Li-fang Liang highlights how the existing migrant care market may influence the subsequent development of the public long-term care system using the case of failure to adopt long-term care insurance in Taiwan.

Within the panel "Easy to compare? Generating and using comparative data on long-term care" Davide Viero and Johanna Fischer presented their work on generating global comparative datasets. Drawing on earlier CRC research and her dissertation, Johanna presented the Historical Long-Term Care Systems Dataset outlining which countries worldwide have established different forms of long-term care systems. Davide continued to outline the current data collection on the generosity of long-term care systems, presenting a preliminary analysis of inclusiveness and scope of benefits across 40 countries worldwide. The datasets received great interest from the audience and yielded a lively discussion on possibilities and limitations of international comparative research in a complex field like long-term care.

The sessions on comparative data and care fragmentation were also co-organised and moderated by Johanna as a member of the Steering Committee of the Global Observatory of Long-Term Care Interest Group on Long-Term Care Policy. The novel Global Observatory of Long-Term Care is a new network initiative aimed at facilitate cross-national learning to improve and strengthen care systems and research. It was officially launched at the conference in Bilbao and welcomes any members with relevant experience and interest in the field of long-term care.

Contact:
Dr. Johanna Fischer
CRC 1342: Global Dynamics of Social Policy
Mary-Somerville-Straße 3
28359 Bremen
Phone: +49 421 218-57074
E-Mail: johanna.fischer@uni-bremen.de

Crossroads Central Asia, an independent non-profit research institute based in Bishkek, interviewed Gulnaz Isabekova-Landau.

Dr. Gulnaz Isabekova-Landau, a postdoctoral researcher in the Collaborative Research Center project B06, which explores social policies in Eastern Europe, the South Caucasus, and Central Asia, was interviewed by Crossroads Central Asia. The topic was her book, which was published in the Collaborative Research Center’s "Global Dynamics of Social Policy" book series.

Crossroads Central Asia is an independent, non-profit research institute. It specializes in analyzing political, economic, and security dynamics in Central Asia within a broader Eurasian context. By amalgamating the expertise of regional and international scholars, Crossroads Central Asia aims to offer a more nuanced, balanced, and intersectoral understanding of the region. An interview with Dr. Gulnaz Isabekova-Landau presents significant insights from her book, "Stakeholder Relationships and Sustainability: The Case of Health Aid to the Kyrgyz Republic". She deliberates on the empowerment of civil society and establishes a causal link between stakeholder relationships and the sustainability of aid. This discussion provides a deeper insight into the policy-related implications of her book particularly about the challenges and prospects of health aid and its sustainability not only in the Kyrgyz Republic but also in the broader context.

Launched by CRC 1342 and Palgrave Macmillan, the "Global Dynamics of Social Policy" book series disseminates the research findings of the research consortium. By taking a global perspective on social policy and its developments, this book series focuses on the expansion, retrenchment, austerity, and overall transformation of welfare systems. It provides an in-depth look into specific policy areas and discusses the roles of national and international actors in these transformation processes.

Dr. Gulnaz Isabekova-Landau is a postdoctoral research fellow in the Collaborative Research Center 1342 "Global Dynamics of Social Policy" at the University of Bremen, and also at the Research Center for East European Studies at the University of Bremen. Her research focuses on healthcare systems, access to healthcare, social policy, and labor migration. In the past, she has studied water issues in Central Asia and the accessibility of state-guaranteed social services for survivors of human trafficking in Kazakhstan. Currently, Gulnaz is participating in research within the framework of the "Health in the Mountains Agenda". This initiative is a joint effort by the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic and the World Health Organization.

Contact:
Dr. Gulnaz Isabekova-Landau
CRC 1342: Global Dynamics of Social Policy, Research Centre for East European Studies
Klagenfurter Straße 8
28359 Bremen
Phone: +49 421 218-57073
E-Mail: gulnaz@uni-bremen.de

Fabienne Müller visits various archives in the US during research for her dissertation

Fabienne Müller, a doctoral researcher in project B11, which deals with the historical perspective of protectionism and social policy in Argentina and the US, is currently researching the questions of her dissertation in various cities in the United States. Her work focuses on the first half of the 1990s and the policies of President Bill Clinton.

In order to be able to classify the influence of neoliberal ideas on social and trade policy at the beginning of the first term of the 42nd President, Fabienne is working in various archives and libraries during her archive trip, which lasts a total of almost three months until September 18th of this year. Last year she already had the chance as a short-term fellow at the German Historical Institute Washington D.C. to view documents and correspondence in the National Archives in Washington D.C./College Park, Maryland and in the Hagley Library in Wilmington, Delaware.

This summer, more research days followed at the National Archives and the Manuscript Reading Room at the Library of Congress. A special experience were the two weeks in July that Fabienne spent in Little Rock, Arkansas. Since the Bill Clinton Presidential Library here holds documents from his terms as president, she had the opportunity to view files from those years that had just been released. These included the files of Rahm Emanuel, a close advisor to Bill Clinton on various topics, such as the NAFTA agreement and health policy. The material in this collection includes publications, reports, memoranda, draft speeches, surveys, newspaper articles, press releases, brochures, emails, talking points and correspondence, which Fabienne was able to view.

With this material and other documents from her two archival trips, Fabienne Müller hopes to get closer to answering the question of how much neoliberalism during this period affected the two policy areas that project B11 focuses on: social and trade policy. Her current stay also allows her to get to know individual parts of the US in a unique way and people from different groups, with whom she gets to talk in her host family, in the student dormitory, at the German Historical Institute, in various hotels, museums, archives and libraries and on long train journeys. They share with her parts of everyday life in a country which is currently shaped again by tough election campaigns, and give her very personal insights into the effects of the processes that project B11 is historically investigating. This learning process is not only valuable for Fabienne's dissertation within the project, but like every trip, it is an invaluable personal experience.

Contact:
Fabienne Müller
CRC 1342: Global Dynamics of Social Policy, Institut für Geschichtswissenschaft / FB 08
Universitäts-Boulevard 13
28359 Bremen
Phone: +49 421 218-58628
E-Mail: famuelle@uni-bremen.de

"State, Society & Citizen - Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives on Welfare State Development"

The 13th NordWel Summer School "State, Society & Citizen - Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives on Welfare State Development" took place at the Haus der Wissenschaft in Bremen from 19 to 23 August 2024. On this website you will find the programme and further information about the Summer School.

Contact:
Dr. Maximilian Hohmann
CRC 1342: Global Dynamics of Social Policy
Mary-Somerville-Straße 3
28359 Bremen
Phone: +49 421 218-57058
E-Mail: hohmann@uni-bremen.de

Dr. Irina Wiegand
CRC 1342: Global Dynamics of Social Policy
Mary-Somerville-Straße 5
28359 Bremen
Phone: +49 421 218-58508
E-Mail: irina.wiegand@uni-bremen.de

Article in "WirtschaftsWoche"

Dr. Armin Müller from project B05 "Inclusion and Benefit Dynamics in the Chinese Welfare Regime" was interviewed by WirtschaftsWoche. In the article "Altersvorsorge: Chinas Renten-Zeitbombe tickt" (paywall), he gives his expert opinion of how to deal with the ageing of Chinese society.

The article examines the financial sustainability of the Chinese pension system, which is precarious according to recent Chinese studies. In the People's Republic, similar to Western countries, there are debates about demographic change and an increase in the retirement age. The interview helped to contextualize the debate and shed light on important background information. For example, the retirement age is particularly low for women at 50 or 55. However, retired women often continue to play important social roles, such as looking after children, which enables the next generation of women to work full-time. Although raising the retirement age reduces the costs of contribution-financed pension insurance, it increases the need for childcare elsewhere. In addition, the system under discussion primarily covers employees in the formal urban sector. The vast majority of Chinese people do not benefit from a pension, which represents an independent livelihood, and is hardly considered in the discussion.

Contact:
Dr. Armin Müller
CRC 1342: Global Dynamics of Social Policy, Research IV and China Global Center
Campus Ring 1
28759 Bremen
Phone: +49 421 200-3473
E-Mail: armmueller@constructor.university